Drill Myths
From CadetStuffWiki
There are many Drill Myths within Civil Air Patrol. This section is designed to expose these myths and offer the counter arguments from AFMAN 36-2203.
Formations
Fill From The Front
A very common myth is that the first element should be the largest when you have a flight that cannot be easily squared off. Even though this favors some cadets' sense of asthetics, this is incorrect and counter to the drill manual.
AFMAN 36-2203 Para 4.3.1.4 states "Once it is formed, the flight will be squared off prior to sizing. The left flank will be squared off with extra airmen filling in from the fourth to first element. For example, if there is one extra airman, he or she will be positioned in the fourth element; if there are two extra airmen, one will be positioned in the third element and one will be positioned in the fourth element and so forth."
As you can see, when it is necessary to have elements of varying size, the elements that are more forward will be shorter than the ones farther back. This makes sense if you think about what will happen when the flight turns to the right to march in column. By filling from the back when in line, the right side of your column formation will be fully manned, and no airmen will be confused on how to align themselves.
Moreover, this makes it easy for the flight sergeant to find their post at the back of the formation. They are always the last member of the last element. If the fourth element was smaller than another element, the flight sergeant would end up in posting themselves inside the flight instead of beside it. This would make it more difficult to post back and forth by adding more turns to the movement.
Distance Between Elements
It is a myth that, in order to obtain proper distance front-to-back between elements, element leaders should stick their right arms and hands forward and touch the back of the element leader immediately in front.
Proper distance is 40 inches, which is longer than the arms, hands, and fingers of almost all personnel. Proper distance is, therefore, longer than the distance attained by extending arms and hands forward.
Furthermore, the regulation prescribes that during flight formation, personnel will perform an automatic dress right dress in order to obtain proper distance and interval. Dress right dress involves raising of the left arm laterally and turning of the head and eyes to the right, but it does not entail any raising of the right arm and hand. Interval is obtained by raising of the left arm and hand, but distance is obtained merely by visual estimation.
It would probably be alright to allow personnel to use the extended right arm and hand method to obtain proper distance during initial training for rudimentary familiarization purposes. But eventually cadets should be taught to gauge distance purely by visual estimation.
Open Ranks and Counting Elements
This is a rather pervasive myth that is probably a direct result of the fact that most squadrons do not have more than one flight. The myth says that you take a number of steps equal to the number of elements behind you. Following this myth, if you are in the second element of a two element flight, then you take zero steps. This is in incorrect.
The confusion seems to stem from the fact that paragraph 4.5.1, which describes the proper procedure for opening ranks, talks about the fourth rank before the others. It states that "the fourth rank stands fast", and cadets seem to have come to the conclusion that the manual actually meant "last rank". This has led them to believe that movement is based on the last element, and the rest of the elements are marching away from the base element. This has further led them to extrapolate that if they have two elements, the second element is last and should stand fast while the first element should take one step. This is not what the maual says.
AFMAN 36-2203 paragraph 4.5.1 is very sepcific about what each element should do. The very same paragraph 4.5.1 states "The third rank takes one pace forward, the second rank takes two paces forward, and the first rank takes three paces forward." There are no exceptions listed for units that are smaller.
There are very good reasons for doing it as dictated in the manual other than just being "by the book".
- First, the guide, who is beside the first element when a flight is in line, is the individual that alignment is based upon. If the last element was the base of the movement for Open Ranks MARCH, the guide would move to a post beside the fourth element leader after the prepatory command (para 4.2.4). However, the guide remains at the side of the first element, which means that the first element is the base of the movement. Thus, the last element's position needs to be aligned with the first element, not the opposite. In other words, the fourth rank stands fast so that they will be the proper distance from the first rank, not the other way around.
- Secondly, the flight needs to remain aligned with the rest of the squadron. This is where units with only one flight don't realize the problem with the way they do things. If the flights change the number of steps the first element takes (based on how many elements there are in their flight), then the front of the flights will be misaligned after open ranks when flights have different numbers of elements. If all the elements take the number of steps outlined in the manual, the squadron will remain aligned properly.
- Third, making airmen count the number of elements and change their number of steps every time they get into a formation is an unnecessary complication. By having the cadets learn that the first element always takes three steps, the second always take two steps, etc..., they will always do it right no matter how many elements there are. Imagine a situation where an additional element was added after the first element fell in. They might have no idea that the number of steps had changed (assuming they are still going by the myth).
As usual, the manual has provided the most simple and efficient way to do things.
The Fall Out Dance
The confusion surrounding how to fall out has its origins in the CAP cadet program of past decades. Cadets of that era did not have access to the current Air Force Drill manual. They were expected to base their drill on the sections of the leadership manual that covered drill, and those sections were badly written and scattered throughout the leadership books. The only place that falling out was covered in the "Leadership Laboratory" book was in a small paragraph that covered "Individuals to Leave Ranks". Cadets mistakenly extrapolated from that paragraph that cadets would mimic that procedure when the entire flight was falling out. This is how we ended up with entire flights taking a step back and doing facing movements after the command fall out.
Fortunately, today we have AFMAN 36-2203. We now know that FALL OUT is a rest position like AT EASE or REST. Taking in all of section 3.3, it is clear that FALL OUT is the most lax of the rest positions. As such, it is counterproductive to add on moves that require a cadet to be at attention (like facing movements or marching).
Paragraph 3.3.1.4 states "The command is FALL OUT. On the command FALL OUT, individuals may relax in place in a standing position or break ranks. They must remain in the immediate area, and no specific method of dispersal is required. Moderate speech is permitted."
Being allowed to break ranks means that a cadet no longer has to maintain dress and cover. As you can see, FALL OUT is just like REST except that cadets can walk around (as long as they stay in the immediate area). "No specific method of dispersal" means individuals can move about in any manner they want. In other words, they don't have to do facing movements or take a certain number of steps. In fact, they can stay standing right where they are.
In a related issue, there is the command DISMISSED. This is not a rest position. It is the command that ends the formation. It is performed much like FALL OUT except that individuals are not required to stay in the immediate area. Paragraph 5.11 states "The flight sergeants face about and command DISMISSED. Individuals break ranks and leave the formation." Because DISMISSED signals the end of the formation, requiring more drill movements after the command is given is counterproductive to the purpose of the command.
The Flight Commander Dismisses the Flight
For flight drill (like during drill instruction), the current drill instructor is authorized to dismiss the flight. AFMAN 36-2203 para 4.3.5 states "4.3.5. The flight is usually formed and dismissed by the drill instructor or flight sergeant. On the command DISMISSED, airmen break ranks and leave the area." So for occasional drill sessions, if the flight commander is serving as the drill instructor, they form up and dismiss the flight just like the flight sergeant does during formations. No problem there.
However, even a cursory search of AFMAN 36-2203 should have disabused cadets from thinking that the officers have anything to do with dismissing the flight after a squadron formation. In fact, the officers are not even present when the squadron is dismissed.
Paragraph 5.11 makes it very clear that the squadron commander (cadet commander in CAP formations) summons the first sergeant up and orders him/her to dismiss the squadron. In fact, the squadron commander says "First Sergeant, DISMISS THE SQUADRON". After the first sergeant posts in front of the commander, is once again ordered to dismiss the squadron, and has his/her salute returned by the commander, the formation is his/hers. All of the officers and the guidon bearer leave the formation without command. The first sergeant orders the flight sergeants to "DISMISS YOUR FLIGHTS", and then he/she leaves. The flight sergeants are the ones to order "Dismissed" to the flights. By that time, the flight commanders are probably already out of the area.
Aside from the desire to follow every arcane rule in the manual, closing a squadron formation this way serves real purposes. It is a symbolic turning over of the cadets to the NCOs. In addition, if the first sergeant has details to mete out, the time to do that is after he/she takes command of the squadron and before the flight sergeants are ordered to dismiss their flights. Moreover, by giving NCOs a role in the forming up and dismissing of the squadron, it gives them experience with responsibility and leadership. It also helps them establish their authority, which is much more difficult for them than it is for cadet officers.
Although many units have the cadet officers form up the cadets and dismiss them as a way to further their prestige, the fact is that this practice actually does the opposite. Turning over the formation to the first sergeant not only establishes his/her athority as the top NCO, it also demonstrates that that kind of work is "grunt work" that officers are too busy to bother with. By ceding a bit of control, cadet officers actually expand their command presence.
The Squadron Cadet Deputy Commander Stands Beside The Cadet Commander
AFMAN 36-2203 Paragraph 6.2 states "The group is the smallest formation with a staff." That seems pretty clear, but what do you do with a cadet deputy commander or the XO at the squadron level?
There are several options, and your unit needs to pick the one that fits your particular situation. Units with a large cadet staff (over a half dozen officers) can have them form up as a flight next to the other flights with the deputy as flight commander and the XO as guide. They can form up at the same time that the flight commanders take command of their flights (so all the officers enter the formation at the same time). A unit with only two or three officers should probably just make the deputy and XO flight commanders and be done with it.
What you should not do is have the deputy commander standing up near the cadet commander. The only person up there should be the guidon bearer.
Flight Sergeants, POST!" and "First sergeant, POST!"
Some first sergeants mistakenly order "Flight sergeants, POST!" after receiving the report. The correct command is simply "POST".
The squadron commander does not order the first sergeant to post after receiving the report. The first sergeant,upon dropping their salute, posts without a command.
Although not an official command, the commander could use "First Sergeant, POST" to get the first sergeant up to the front to assist with inspection. However, with proper coordination before the formation, this is not necessary. The first sergeant should know that when the commander orders the flight commanders to PREPARE FOR INSPECTION, that the commander wants them to automatically post to the commander's left (or where the commander decides would be best to meet).
Assuming Posts
It is a myth that flight sergeants, flight commanders, and the first sergeants are supposed to perform squared-off pivots when assuming their respective posts during formation, inspection preparation/alignment, and dismissal ceremonies. The manual says that personnel should take the most direct route in order to assume the new post:
"5.1.3. When changes of formation involve changes of post (for example, the first sergeant), the new post is taken by the most direct route and as soon as possible after the command of execution."
The most direct route for a person to take would be to march in a straight line right towards the far corner of a respective flight, and to pivot in such a manner as to just clear that corner. Personnel should not take the huge, long-distance routes that are involved when using 90-degree pivots. Such routes consume more time than necessary, and USAF D&C is generally intended to be as efficient as possible.
In mathematical terms, the hypotenuse of a right triangle is always shorter than the sum of the other two sides; i.e., the shortest path between two points is a straight line. In practical terms, persons required to post should not use squared-off 90-degree pivots, but instead should aim directly at the corner of their respective units, and make smaller angle pivots to just steer around that corner.
Pledge of Allegience
Many units start their meetings with the Pledge of Allegience. While there is nothing wrong with doing that, some units make the mistake of doing it in formation. CAPP151 para1.3.a states "Military Formations or Ceremonies. You do not recite the Pledge of Allegiance while in military formation." That's a pretty clear statement.
If the unit wants to recite something at opening formation, the cadet oath would be much more appropriate, and there is no restriction from doing so. Moreover, it will reinforce the learning of the Oath so the cadets will be better prepared to recite it at their review board.
If a unit want's to do the pledge of allegience each week, it should be done after formation, possibly in a classroom.
No Praying in Formation
Although some believe otherwise, it is not against regulations for the Chaplain to lead a prayer in opening formation. CAPP 265-4 states "Opening unit meetings with prayer. If you desire, you may have a moment of silent prayer and thus encourage members to search for creative ways to express their innermost feelings. If you do pray aloud, be sure to offer an INTERFAITH-type prayer."
This last sentence is the key one. If your unit does more than just have a moment of silence, the Chaplain must ensure that the prayer offered is general enough to include all members in the formation. For instance, if there are Jews or Muslims in the formation, it would be completely inappropriate to end the prayer with a reference to Jesus or some other clearly Christian reference, even if the Chaplain is Christian.
Because many units have atheists, it is sometimes better just to have the silent moment of prayer. Since formations are a required duty, it is inapropriate to force religion upon members during formation who do not wish it. If the Chaplain and certain members wish to hold a prayer separate from the formation, the commander should ensure they have the opportunity to do so. Those not interested can do something else.
Individual actions
Position of the Hands While "AT EASE"
It is common for people to put their hands behind their back when standing "At Ease." Age old habits die hard. However, the AFMAN 36-2203 is very clear on this: "3.3.1.2. At Ease. The command is AT EASE. On the command AT EASE, airmen may relax in a standing position, but they must keep the right foot in place. Their position in the formation will not change, and silence will be maintained." No place there do you see anything about the position of the hands.
You will tend to get some flak from old-schoolers who see you standing there At Ease in formation with your arms crossed, but technically you would be correct.
Ignore Improperly Given Commands
A very common myth is that cadets should ignore improper commands. For instance, if a flight is AT EASE and the flight commander orders Right, FACE, these units teach their cadets to ignore the command. In fact, most of these units use this as a trick to call people out during Drill Down (or knock out, or whatever the unit calls drill competitions). These units are wrong.
AFMAN 36-2203 paragraph 2.2.5 is very clear on this. "If a command is improperly given, the individuals execute the movement to the best of their ability." In the example above, the cadets should come to attention and execute the Right FACE.
Guides/Guidon Bearer
The Guidon Bearer Stands to the Right of the First Element Leader
This myth has its origins in the encampment environment where guides carry guidons. However, "guide" and "guidon bearer" are two different positions with two entirely different purposes.
The guidon bearer carries the squadron guidon, and their post is up near the squadron commander. In CAP, this is usually next to the cadet commander, although some composite units have them stand next to the squadron commander. Rules for the guidon bearer are found in Chapter 5, Section C. Since Chapter 5 covers drill of the squadron, this should be a cadet's first clue that the guidon bearer is not attached to a flight.
The guide, whose post is at the right front of the flight, has the job of setting direction and cadence of march for the flight. Paragraph 4.2 covers the rules of the guide.
In CAP, some confusion stems from this statement in Leadership: 2000 and Beyond, Ch.4: "If your unit decides to authorize a flight guidon bearer, the guide doubles as the flight guidon bearer. The person chosen for this dual role needs to do the duties discussed in this section, and perform guidon drill found in the Cadet Drill Manual." Despite this poorly worded statement, this individual is still called the guide.
The guidon bearer is the individual assigned to carry the squadron guidon. A guide might carry a flight guidon. It would be innappropriate for the squadron guidon to be carried beside one flight. Unfortunately, units often have their squadron guidon next to the first element leader because they do not know the difference between a guide and a guidon bearer. By using the proper terms and procedures, you can help our organization do it right.
Guides Are Optional
Many units do not have flight guides in their formations. However, because AFMAN requires a guide to help form up and align the flight (paragraph 4.3), the guide is required for any formation that includes flights.
The unit should always use guides when marching as a unit or when in a formation. While most units will not use the guide during drill instruction (to make it simpler for new cadets who are trying to learn the new movements), others require a guide at all times to ensure that everyone learns how to march properly right from the start. With experienced cadets, you should always march with a guide.
If you choose not to use a guide during instruction periods, the best practice would be to have the guide fall out after the flight falls in. That way, you have an additional instructor or demonstrator to assist, and the cadets learn that there is only one way to fall in... the AFMAN 36-2203 way.
Guide Right
Often, you will hear a flight commander order Guide Right and then you will see the flight veer off to the right. It could be argued that because the flight knows that the commander meant Incline to the Right, the flight is right to follow the order to the best of their ability (para 2.2.5). However, the prevalence of this particular mistake by leaders is indicative of the problem with units not using guides.
Paragraph 4.2 provides the rules for the guide. One of the commands given to the guide is GUIDE RIGHT (LEFT) which is used to change the base for a movement. When the order is given, the guide changes their position relative to the flight to signal that change.
If units were using guides routinely like they are supposed to, then cadet officers would realize their mistake in using this command incorrectly. They also might understand that AFMAN 36-2203 already provides a command that does what they want...INCLINE TO THE RIGHT (LEFT). Moreover, the airmen would automatically know that the command "Guide Right" does not require them to do anything unless they are a guide.
Remember, in Drill and Ceremonies, "Guide" is a noun, not a verb.
RIGHT GUIDE!
When the flight commander or flight sergeant gives the order to fall in, some enterprising troop assumes the first element leader position, sticks out his left arm (as in Dress Right) and shouts at the top of his lungs "RIGHT GUIDE!" Then the remaining individuals fall in based on that first individual.
Uhhh, what? "Right Guide?" What is a "Right Guide?"
The correct method to assume a position in the formation is found in AFMAN 36-2203, paragraph 4.3. The GUIDE (not the Right GUIDE, but just the GUIDE) falls in, puts his/her left arm up in the Dress Right position, and waits until the first element leader assumes his/her position. Once the element leader is "felt" on the guide's fingertips, the guide drops the arm. The first element leader does the same thing, and the succeeding element leaders fall in behind the first element leader. Once proper alignment is obtained upon falling in, the individual drops his or her arm and remains at the position of attention.
But nobody is shouting "RIGHT GUIDE!" and there is no such position as "RIGHT GUIDE."
Improper Commands
The Command "AT EASE"
Cadets giving drill for the first time will tend to miss the nuances of the "combined command" and will make everything a "two-part command." Thus, the combined command "At EASE!" becomes "At...EASE!" in the mouth of the inexperienced.
As I frequently tell new cadet drill instructors when "learning them" on these nuances of drill, "A two-part command is intended to impart some cadence and snap to the movement, to give it precision in the way it is executed. But what is the position of 'AT EASE?' Its a 'rest position,' right? And a two-part command is intended to be precise. So what you're saying is that by giving your cadets 'At... EASE!' as a two part command, you want them to 'relax with precision'?"
That generally cures the "At...EASE!" thing.
At Rest?
AFMAN 36-2203 states "The command is REST. On the command rest, the same requirements for at ease apply, but moderate speech is permitted". Some individuals say At REST instead. Don't be that guy.
At Double Arm Interval, Dress Right Dress
We often see cadet officers and NCOs calling this one when preparing for PT. There is no such command in AFMAN 36-2203.
If you wish to spread out the troops to do physical training, an alternative method is to simply open ranks and then order a half right face. This will position all of the cadets in such a way that everyone can can do push ups, sit ups, and other calisthenics without bumping into each other. Even better, it completely adhere's to AFMAN 36-2203. A more complete description of this technique is provided in the CAP Formations article under Phyical Training Formations.
Left, Left, Left Right Left...
The proper way to call cadence is outlined in paragraph 2.5.1 of AFMAN 36-2203. Cadence is called using "Hut, Toop, Threep, Fourp", not "Left, Right, Left".
"Hut"and "Threep" are called when the left foot strikes the ground. "Toop" and "Fourp" are called when the right foot strikes the ground. The only exception to this is when executing Right Step, MARCH. In that case, "Hut" is called on the right foot since it is the first foot to move.
You Say "Ah, Ten Shun!"
This is a very common mistake. Table 2.2 in AFMAN 36-2203 provides the correct pronunciation, cadence, and inflection of various commands.
- A quick glance at the chart will show you that the pronunciation of commands is sometimes very different from how we spell them. ATTENTION is pronounced "Tench, HUT". Words like "Squadron" and "Step" are lengthened by the addition of an "H" in the middle of the word. "March" becomes "Harch". The hardest for most people to accept is that "To the Rear" is pronounced, "REARP".
- Cadence is reflected by where the word occurs on the chart from left to right. Across the top of each chart are either numbers or "left, right...". A good rule is to use the same cadence for stationary movement commands as marching commands. So for the command ATTENTION, a flight marching by would take four steps in the time it takes you to say "Flight, Tench-HUT".
- The inflection is reflected in how high the word is on the chart. For instance, In the case of attention, the chart shows that the word "Flight" is said at a medium pitch, "Tench" is said in a slightly lower tone, and then "HUT" is said at a much higher pitch. Words that rise in pitch as you say them (like "Flight") are printed in a sloping manner.
If you keep in mind that these variables are designed to make commands easily heard on a noisy battlefield without burning out a commander's throat, some of the oddities start to make sense. For instance, the reason we say "Harch" instead of "March" is because the "M" sound is a closed mouth sound. As such, it creates a back pressure on the throat (especially when you are trying to be loud) that can strain the vocal cords. The "SH" sound in ATTENTION is almost as bad. The "H" sound creates no back pressure, and thus "HUT" and "HARCH" don't hurt the throat.
The number of syllables is also a consideration. By cutting it down to two sylables, it cannot be confused with the command "Present Arms", even in bad accoustical conditions. This is the same reason that "To the Rear" became "REARP". The last thing you wanted in combat was for half the unit to go to the rear and the other half to do a column. "REARP" sounds like no other command (in cadence, number of sylables, and inflection), so everyone could understand it even when they couldn't hear very well.
Cover...Ready Front?
Many units do not understand the command COVER, which is outlined in paragraph 4.4.2. There seems to be some confusion about when it can be used and what the cadets should do. As should be obvious from that paragraph, this command can only be done in column or inverted column formation (and mass formation, per 5.4.2., but this is essentially a modified column formation), and it only entails having the individuals take small choppy steps to align themselves properly. There is no requirement to raise your arm up so the commander can come up and check your distance. Since the cadets do not raise up their arms or turn their heads, there is no need to call Ready FRONT.
"By My Command"
Many units seem confused about how a cadet leader takes control of a unit. Many insist that you are supposed to say BY MY COMMAND. However, there is no requirement for this in AFMAN 36-2203. To the contrary, the only thing close is AT MY COMMAND, which signals to the cadets that you wish to end a session of mass commands (paragraph 2.6).
To take command of a flight, all the leader needs to do is stand in front of the unit at attention, face the flight, and begin issuing orders. The prior commander should step aside or leave the area so that it is obvious they are no longer commanding. This is reflected in how the flight sergeants and flight commanders hand over command to each other during formations (Chapter 5).
To implement a change in who is in charge of the flight, in the field, the outgoing drill instructor should call an individual forward with the command "(Grade and Last Name), FRONT AND CENTER", and formally direct the individual to take charge of the flight, such as with an informational command like "(Grade and Last Name), TAKE CHARGE OF THE FLIGHT". As a courtesy, salutes should be exchanged in accordance with the rank of the outgoing and incoming drill instructors, and then the incoming drill instructor should face the flight and immediately begin issuing orders.
Improper responses From Airmen
As You Were, SIR!
Some units teach their cadets to yell "As you were, SIR!" when an improper command is given. There is no provision for this in AFMAN 36-2203. "As you were" is designed to allow a commander revoke a prepatory command, not to correct your superiors.
Moreover, paragraph 2.2.5 states "If a command is improperly given, the individuals execute the movement to the best of their ability." The intent seems to be that the cadets should follow the order even if it was given improperly. There is no command in AFMAN36-2203 that orders cadets to say "As You Were, Sir".
"Yes, First Sergeant!"
Some people argue that you address the first sergeant as "First Sergeant" instead of by their grade (as CAPP151 requires). Sometimes, they will try to refer to AFMAN36-2203 paragraph 5.11 as proof. In that paragraph, the commander orders "First Sergeant, DISMISS THE SQUADRON". However, this reference does not lend support to the idea that subordinates should address the first sergeant as "First Sergeant".
If we were to accept this argument, then the airman would have to say "Yes Guide" to the guide since the flight commander orders "GUIDE RIGHT" and "GUIDE LEFT". And of course, we would have to say "Yes Officer" instead of "Yes Sir" since the adjutant orders "Officers, POST".
Because AFMAN 36-2203 does not dictate how members are to address one another, we should use the guidelines in CAPP151 during all formations and drill practices.
"Yes, Flight Sergeant!"
Similar to the "Yes, First Sergeant!" myth, some units mistakenly have cadets address the flight sergeant as "flight sergeant" when their grade is below cadet staff sergeant. There is no regulatory support for this at all. It appears to be based on the misconception that is is somehow horrible to refer to the flight sergeant as "Airman" when that is the grade they have earned.
Like with the first sergeant, cadets should refer to their flight sergeant by their grade as dictated by CAPP151. There is nothing wrong with saying "Yes, Airman"
"Eyes!" "SNAP!" or "Eyeballs!" "CLICK, SIR!"
This is apparently some Army (or Marine Corps as in Eyeballs, CLICK) basic training thing. There is no command "EYES!" or "EYEBALLS!" in CAP, and cadets certainly shouldn't be shouting "SNAP!" or "CLICK!". If an instructor wants their cadets to look at them, they should order AT EASE or REST. This is not only in compliance with AFMAN 36-2203, but it also makes more sense. If a cadet is at attention, even if you let them do it wrong by having them look at you, some of them are not going to be able to see around the cadet in front of them. AT EASE or REST allows them to lean over and crane their necks to get a view of your demonstration.
The commands in the manual will do just about anything you want. AT EASE can be used if you don't want any questions. REST can be used if you wish to allow them to ask questions. ATTENTION is used when you are ready to drill. By using them the way they were intended, you will teach your cadets the true purpose of these commands.
"Man in Ranks!"
The myth is that if anyone walks inside of the formation for any reason other than an inspection, the cadets are supposed to hold out their hands in a sort of L shape (one arm in front, one to the side) to trap the intruder in a grid of arms, and then shout "Man in RANKS!".
Nothing like this is in AFMAN 36-2203. Moreover, it violates the manual by having the cadets moving and talking while at attention even though that position requires immobility and silence. The cadets should just let the person walk on through and let the flight sergeant/flight commander worry about it.
"Mark Time March!"
Some units teach their cadets that if their commander marches them into an immovable object (like a wall or car), that the flight should start marking time until the commander figures out they screwed up. While there is no requirement for this in the drill manual, it is an acceptable method of executing "the movement to the best of their ability" after an incorrect command has been called (as required by AFMAN 36-2203 paragraph 2.2.5.)
However, what is not acceptable is having the cadets in the lead rank calling out "Mark Time, MARCH!". Because the cadets are marching at attention, silence is required. Moreover, cadets in the flight calling out commands violates the rule of "unity of command". If your cadets are to start marking time, they should simply start doing it silently. The following cadets will figure out what is going on and adjust their marching and alignment accordingly.
"Permission to Make An Extraneous Movement, SIR!"
This myth comes in different forms. Some units use the term "Permission to Adjust". The idea is that a cadet needs to scratch their nose, slap a bug, correct their alignment, or some other movement that is not allowed at attention. They raise their hand and say "Permission to make an extraneous movement (or to adjust)", and then the leader decides if they will let them move or not.
This myth is more annoying than harmful. However, it can disrupt a formation or ceremony unnecessarily. Let's look at this from the conceptual point of view. If a flight is at attention, the whole point is to have everyone stand without moving or talking. When a cadet raises their hand and asks to do something that is not allowed at attention, they have already done so by raising their hand. Moreover, since the leader doesn't know what the extraneous movement is going to be, it's kind of hard to give permission.
In a formation or ceremony, the cadet should have the self-discipline to wait until the formation is over. If it is some kind of emergency (feeling faint, being bothered by a bee when they are allergic, a truck is going to run everyone down, etc...), they should just make the movement. If it isn't an emergency, they should remiain motionless and silent just as the position of attention requires.
During drill instruction, if a cadet has to ask this, then the instructor is not doing their job properly. The rest positions (AT EASE, REST, and FALL OUT) are in the drill manual for a reason. Cadets should be getting small breaks at least every 15 minutes. The flight doesn't need to fall out. You could just put them at ease for a minute or so so they can take care of any minor annoyances (itches, readjusting a bootlace, stretching, etc...). This will eliminate 99% of the need for "extraneous movements".
By the Numbers
The myth is that if the drill instructor calls, "By the Numbers!", that the flight will then count off for every movement they perform as they perform them. For instance, if a flight is doing a right face when under this false, "By the Numbers", then they would perform the facing movement as usual, but call out, "One, Two!" as they do it. This supposedly helps them stay in cadence. While this may be true, it is not the correct way to perform drill while By the Numbers.
1.6.3.1. This method enables the student to learn a movement step by step and permits the instructor to make detailed corrections. The instructor commands BY THE NUMBERS before giving commands for the movement; for example, BY THE NUMBERS, About, FACE. The first count of the movement is executed on the command FACE. The second count is executed on the command Ready, TWO (the pivot is the second count).
Basically, that means that if "Right, FACE" were to be called while By the Numbers, the flight would pivot, but would not move from the first count. They would be stuck in mid-pivot, and would only bring their leg up to attention again for the second count when the drill instructor calls, "Ready, TWO".
Marching
You "Skip" When Ordered to Perform Change Step, MARCH
There is a difference between trying to get in step with the rest of the flight and following the order Change Step, MARCH. Many cadets are taught to "skip" a bit to get in step when they first join, and that is OK. However, Change Step, MARCH is not done that way.
AFMAN 36-2203 paragraph 3.15 states "...on one count, place the ball of the right foot alongside the heel of the left foot, suspend armswing, and shift the weight of the body to the right foot. Step off with the left foot in a 24 inch step, resuming coordinated armswing...". You will notice that nowhere does it say a cadet should skip or hop.
It is almost like you come to attention (with your right foot a little too far back) and then immediately start marching again. Skipping will make it look choppy and awkward. The movement should be as smooth and fluid as To the Rear, MARCH or Right (left) Flank, MARCH. One way to teach cadets how to perform this movement correctly is to tell them they should be able to balance a textbook on their head throughout the movement.
To the Rear, MARCH From a Halt
To the Rear, MARCH is covered in paragraph 3.16. Among other things, this paragraph states "The command is To the Rear, MARCH, given as the heel of the right foot strikes the ground." To comply with this requirement, the formation must be marching. Unlike flanking and column movements, To the Rear, MARCH does not have a provision for performing it from a halt.
A commander that wishes the flight to march to the rear should simply call About FACE and Forward, MARCH.
Incline to the Right, Forward MARCH!
Many people believe that after calling INCLINE TO THE RIGHT/LEFT , you "straighten out" the formation by ordering Forward MARCH. However, if you incline to the right properly, you will already be on a straight path...just not the one you started on. If you want to change back to your original direction, you would use INCLINE TO THE LEFT.
Since this command is only given when you are in column, the element leaders and guide will be up front. The assumption is that they can figure out what you want them to do (align the unit with the leading unit, stay on the road, go around a barrier, etc...).
For instance, let's say you're marching the squadron up to your position in a group formation, and you are slightly off to the left of where you want to end up. When the commander orders INCLINE TO THE RIGHT, the guide will drift over to the right until they are lined up where they need to go. The element leaders do likewise, and the flight will end up where it needs to be. There will be no need to tell them Forward, MARCH. They can figure when they are good to go.
Remember, INCLINE TO THE RIGHT is for slight changes in direction. The guide isn't supposed to keep veering off to the right after hearing the command. Otherwise they would eventually turn the formation all the way around, which isn't slight at all.
Moreover, we know you can't order Forward MARCH whenever you are inclining because "Forward MARCH" is not one of the commands that can be used when marching at "double time", "route step", and "at ease". If the intent was for you to order "Forward March", it would be included in the commands that you can say for those modes of marching, which also use INCLINE TO THE RIGHT. It is not, so it cannot be required for this purpose.
Column of Files From the Right to the Left
Many mistake this improper command for the movement "Column of Files From the Right (Left), Forward, MARCH". Some go so far as to perform the entire sequence incorrectly.
AFMAN 36-2203 Para 4.13.1 states:
Column of Files. To form a single file when in a column of two or more elements, the command is Column of Files From the Right (Left), Forward, MARCH. On the preparatory command, the guide takes a position in front of the file that will move first. The element leader of the right (left) element turns his or her head 45 degrees to the right (left) and commands Forward. At the same time, the remaining element leaders turn their heads 45 degrees to the right (left) and command STAND FAST. Their heads are kept to the right (left) until they step off. On the command MARCH, the extreme right (left) element steps off. The element leader of each remaining element commands Forward, MARCH as the last cadet in each element passes, ensuring the leader's element is in step with the preceding element. All elements then incline to the right (left), following the leading elements in successive order (figure 4.8).
Notice that it states that the element leaders will sound off "Forward" and "STAND FAST" at the same time, and that the last cadet in the rank does not sound off with "Last Cadet" or "Last Man".
The drill instructor begins the maneuver by calling the preparatory command "Column of Files from the Right (Left), Forward". It is important that the drill instructor be able to give the entire preparatory command, in order to prepare the troops for either marching out straight forward in single file ("Column of Files from the Right (Left), Forward"), or for performing a column movement and forming a single file ("Column of Files from the Right (Left), Column Right (Left)").
Once the preparatory command has been given by the drill instructor, the element leaders follow up with their respective supplementary commands: "Forward" or "STAND FAST". The base element leader actually repeats the preparatory command "Forward".
The drill instructor then completes the command by calling the command of execution for the base element: "MARCH". The base element then marches forward.
When the last person of a preceding element marches by, each subsequent element leader gives the complete two-part command "Forward, MARCH", and his element marches out to join the single file.
It is important to note that the drill instructor and base element leader share command responsibilities for the initial, base element, but subsequent element leaders shoulder all the command responsibility by themselves, without the drill instructor. This point is not sufficiently clarified in the manual, but hopefully this article compensates.
Oftentimes, there will be a small gap between elements within the resultant single file. This is because of the inherent awkwardness of subsequent elements having to incline away from their starting positions behind the base element, while the base element meanwhile continues marching straight ahead with normal pace lengths and no awkwardness. Subsequent elements have to cover a greater distance than the base element, and if they maintain the same cadence and pace length as the base element, gaps will inevitably arise between elements. Subsequent elements tend to have a bit of difficulty catching up to the base element. This is understood and acceptable, as all variations of the column of files maneuver are collectively said not to be precise movements (4.13). Drill instructors should not demand perfect distance between elements within the resulting file, or instruct subsequent elements to speed up or take bigger steps to catch up with the base element, as that would be expecting a degree of precision not intended for this maneuver within the manual.
Color/Honor Guards and Ceremonies
Color Guard Interval
It is a myth that color guards should normally march with personnel standing so close to one another that they actually touch shoulder to shoulder. Proper interval for color guard personnel is called "close interval", which is 4 inches. Therefore, normally there should be a 4 inch gap between color guard personnel.
Honor guard policy is that USAF honor guard color teams and CAP honor guard colors elements use the shoulder-to-shoulder method.
Local policy may allow for color guard personnel to march so close together so as to be touching during high wind conditions in order to facilitate better hearing of commands and greater unity of movement. But such a variation should be limited to unusual circumstances.
"Pass in Review"
Many times at encampment you will hear people saying that the cadets will hold a "pass in review" as part of the concluding activities. That this is the name of the ceremony is a myth.
The name of the ceremonies that might be conducted in large formations are a "review" or "parade".
PASS IN REVIEW is the name of one of the many different commands given during one of those ceremonies, but it is not the name of any actual ceremony itself.
Miscellaneous
Officers Don't Drill
It is a myth that presentation of the Mitchell Award and bestowal of cadet officer grade somehow makes a cadet officer immune from drill and ceremonies.
Nothing in the D&C manual establishes any such immunity or liberty based on grade.
Furthermore, though it is not the D&C manual proper, CAPR 52-16: Cadet Program Management, stipulates that the requirement of D&C continues for all phases throughout the CAP Cadet Program:
"2-6. PHASE I. [...] d. Leadership training deals primarily with the military-style aspects of cadet life, using the United States Air Force as a model. [...] Drill is an inherent part of every cadet’s training and is required in the leadership portion of this phase."
"2-7. PHASE II. [...] d. Leadership training continues using the same criteria found in Phase I."
"2-8. PHASE III. [...] a. Leadership, physical fitness, squadron activity participation and moral leadership training continue with the same criteria as found in Phase II."
"2-9. PHASE IV. [...] a. The leadership, CPFT, and moral leadership requirements of Phase III will continue, except that the cadet will serve as a discussion leader twice during the moral leadership forums during this phase."
Cadet officers may be used in indirect supervisory D&C roles, such as evaluators, rather than as direct instructors or members of a flight, if the local situation warrants and sufficient cadet officers are available. But simply being a cadet officer does not get one out of drill.
